Latitude and Longitude Calculator

Convert coordinates between decimal degrees (DD) and degrees-minutes-seconds (DMS) format. Calculate distance and bearing between two geographic points using the Haversine formula.

Formula

Geographic Coordinate System

Latitude (north-south, 0° equator to ±90° poles) and longitude (east-west, 0° Prime Meridian to ±180°) together uniquely identify every point on Earth. Decimal degrees (DD) are used in GPS and digital mapping. DMS (Degrees-Minutes-Seconds) is the traditional format. Conversion: DD = Degrees + Minutes/60 + Seconds/3600.

Earth Key Measurements

Value	Measurement	Notes
Earth radius	6,371 km	Mean radius, used in Haversine
Equator circumference	40,075 km	24,901 miles
1° latitude	111.32 km	Constant everywhere
Total land area	148,940,000 km²	29.2% of Earth surface
World population	~8.1 billion	Growing at 0.88% per year
Number of countries	195 recognized	193 UN members

Geographic Coordinates Guide

Latitude (0° equator to ±90° poles) and longitude (0° Prime Meridian to ±180°) uniquely identify any point on Earth. Decimal degrees used by GPS and digital maps. DMS (Degrees°Minutes'Seconds") is traditional navigation format.

Major Cities Coordinates

City	Latitude	Longitude
New York	40.7128°N	74.0060°W
London	51.5074°N	0.1278°W
Tokyo	35.6762°N	139.6503°E
Dubai	25.2048°N	55.2708°E
Sydney	33.8688°S	151.2093°E
Mumbai	19.0760°N	72.8777°E

GPS Accuracy

Consumer GPS: 3-5m. Assisted GPS: 3-5m. WAAS corrected: 1-3m. Differential GPS: 0.1-1m. RTK survey grade: 0.01-0.02m. All GPS devices use WGS84 datum — the global standard.

Earth Geography Quick Reference

Measurement	Value	Notes
Earth circumference (equator)	40,075 km	24,901 miles
Earth mean radius	6,371 km	Used in Haversine formula
1 degree latitude	111.32 km	Constant everywhere on Earth
Total land area	148,940,000 km²	29.2% of Earth surface
World population (2024)	~8.1 billion	Growing at 0.88% per year
Number of countries	195 recognized	193 UN members + 2 observers

Practical Tips

These free geography calculators are designed for students, travelers, researchers, and professionals. All calculations run locally in your browser for complete privacy and instant results. No data is ever sent to any server. Use the Copy button to save results and Share to send this calculator link to others. Explore all six CalcDigi geography calculators for comprehensive geographic calculation tools covering distances, coordinates, time zones, map scales, elevation grades, and country statistics.

Frequently Asked Questions

DD: 40.7128. DMS: 40°42'46"N. Conversion: DD=Degrees+Minutes/60+Seconds/3600. Example: 40°42'46"=40+42/60+46/3600=40.7128°. GPS uses decimal degrees. Traditional navigation uses DMS.

Latitude: north-south. 0° equator, +90° North Pole, -90° South Pole. Longitude: east-west. 0° Prime Meridian (Greenwich UK), +180° east, -180° west. Together uniquely identify any Earth point.

Exactly 111.32 km — latitude lines are evenly spaced. 1 minute=1.852 km=1 nautical mile. 1 second=30.9 m. Constant regardless of location.

Varies by latitude: equator=111.32 km. At 45°=78.71 km. At 60°=55.66 km. At poles=0 km. Formula: 111.32×cos(lat°). Longitude lines converge at poles.

0° longitude through Greenwich, London UK. Established as international standard 1884. All time zones defined relative to GMT. International Date Line at approximately 180°.

(latitude, longitude) in decimal degrees. Positive lat=North, negative=South. Positive lon=East, negative=West. (51.5074,-0.1278)=London 51.5074°N, 0.1278°W.

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